Friday 9 November 2018

Considering The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne

‘ON the north-east coast of Scotland, in the most romantic part of the Highlands, stood the Castle of Athlin; an edifice built on the summit of a rock whose base was in the sea. This pile was venerable from its antiquity, and from its Gothic structure; but more venerable from the virtues which it enclosed.’

It would be easy to overlook The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne, the first of Ann Radcliffe’s Gothic romances. ‘A Highland Story’, published in 1789, the novel lacks the depth and complexities that would define Radcliffe’s later works, such as The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and The Italian (1797). In comparison with the novels that followed it, Athlin and Dunbayne could seem somewhat brief: the heroines appear thinly sketched, motivations are under explored and the whole thing is over far too quickly. But regardless of this The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne is an important text, key in the shaping of the Gothic tradition. And, let’s be honest, it’s pretty good fun too. 


The Gothic novel’s roots in the romances of the Medieval period are evident in Athlin and Dunbayne’s feudal setting, and there are echoes throughout the text of Richard Hurd’s 1762 treatise Letters on Chivalry and Romance. Though Hurd had previously shunned the ‘Gothick’ romances for their supernatural elements – because how could one see value in something full of dragons and giants, heaven forbid – in Letters Hurd defended the romance’s employment of the Gothic as a means of an analogy in which to explore and discuss contemporary issues. In Athlin and Dunbayne, rather than the supernatural, the analogy is in the ‘ancient’ feudal past itself. 
(Meme created by Carly Stevenson)

The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne tells the story of two castles, as the title would suggest, and two families. We learn in the opening pages that twelve years before the events of the novel the ‘noble’ Earl of Athlin has been ambushed and slain by Malcolm, the Baron of Dunbayne, a ‘proud, oppressive, revengeful’ man. Unwilling to risk the lives of her people, the widowed Countess Matilda had chosen to not pursue vengeance and instead retreated into the castle to raise her children. Athlin, ‘venerable from its antiquity, and from its Gothic structure but more venerable from the virtues which it enclosed’, is characterised by the idealised society that Matilda presides over whose virtues are exemplified in her children, Osbert and Mary. 

In Osbert chivalry and sensibility are blended to create the Gothic hero: ‘nature had given him a mind ardent and susceptible, to which education had added refinement and expansion. The visions of genius were bright in his imagination, and his heart, unchilled by the touch of disappointment, glowed with all the warmth of benevolence.’ Osbert is a skilled soldier and respected leader, but able to temper his martial passions through his engagement and appreciation of nature and the sublime. During one such wander to calm his anger over his father’s death at Malcolm’s hands Osbert meets and forms a friendship with Alleyn, a young peasant of strangely noble features (spoiler – he’s actually the displaced heir to Dunbayne!). After learning of Malcolm’s poor stewardship his lands and all round bad guyness, Osbert decides that he can longer suffer his father’s murder to go unrevenged and rallies Athlin in a mission against Dunbayne. 

(Meme created by Celine Frohn)
What follows is a feudal family drama, full of human passions and misdeeds that is ultimately resolved in the restoration of a rightful heir and two marriages that restore order to the two castles. It may not be the best of Radcliffe’s works, but in The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne the foundations are laid for the conventions that would define her as one of the most popular authors of the late eighteenth century. The use of the ‘ancient past’, devoid of the supernatural is of particular interest here – there is no hint of a spectre or suggestion of unnatural forces. Rather what takes focus is the ills and evils which man can commit against man, the passions which warp hearts and the consequences of such actions: the lands that surround Dunbayne suffer because of the human malevolence that resides in the castle. 

So, yes, compared to its mighty three and four volume siblings The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne struggles to hold its own. But for anyone interested in tracing the origins of the Gothic novel as a form, or looking to begin their reading it’s an extremely worthwhile text. Also, it’s a perfect emergency handbag novel – I carried it around with me for months for unexpected waits and crowded commutes and it never disappointed. 


Lauren Nixon is a PhD researcher at the University of Sheffield specialising in masculinity in the Gothic, and she is also co-organiser of Sheffield Gothic and the Reimagining the Gothic project. As Sheffield Gothic's own 'renegade Austen scholar', she only brings up Jane Austen when it is absolutely relevant, which is apparently three to four times a day. 

36 comments:

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  19. How To Get Your Ex Lover/Partner/Boyfriend/Girlfriend/Wife Or Husband Back

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  20. ATTENTION PLEASE!!! Am so glad expressing my profound gratitude to a man that is so concerned about other people's well being. I was suffering from (HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE II) The doctors keep telling me that there is no cure but i believe that there is cure somewhere and they dont want people to get cured. I tried searching online if i could see anything that will help me and i saw a comment on YouTube on how Dr. Kibaki help to cure herpes with herbs and i also saw so many comments about him on many web pages on how he had helped and cured so many people suffering from HERPES 1$2, HPV, CANCER, HIV/AIDS, COLD SORE. So i contacted him through his email and i shared my problems with him and he sent me the herbs through UPS and gave me instructions on how to be using it. It take me two weeks to finish the herbs and after i finish using it, he told me to go for a medical test, behold the result was negative, now am HERPES VIRUS free. I just want to use this platform to thank Dr. Kibaki for curing me from that horrible virus and also for exposing his herbal cure to the world at large, You can also reach Dr. Kibaki on his email: drkibakisolutiontemple@gmail.com or call : +1 860 397-2711. Dr. Kibaki herbs is the perfect remedy for Herpes1&2, HPV, HIV, DIABETES, CANCER and other diseases.

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    ReplyDelete


  22. what a great testimony about doctor ONUWA i want to use this opportunity to thank doctor ONUWA on how i was cured from HSV 3 months ago i want to the hospital for a test and i confirmed that i have HSV positive since 4 years ago and i contacted so many doctors and all the doctor was all scam since 4 years ago but a friend of mine introduce me to doctor ONUWA how he was cured from HSV and i really contacted him and i purchase for the items after that doctor ONUWA sent me the medication and tells me the instruction on how i will be taking the medication how i take the medication for 2 weeks and 3 days after taking it i went to the hospital to confirm and the news was so excited confirmed that i was HSV negative once again i want to thank doctor ONUWA for the great thing he done for me you can contact him on is EMAIL dronuwa2@gmail.com and him whats-app number +2348115914591 he can cure a lot of disease
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    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete

  24. What a big surprise my lover is back just within 48 hours with the help of Dr Prince how he cast a spell on him that made my lover to come back to me, whom i thought would never come back because he left me when another woman cast a spell on him that made him not to think about me. But when i was reading testimony about Dr Prince on how he have been helping people to bring back there lover so i also contact him. After i contacted him my lover came back i am so happy for the good work he did for me you can also contact him today at princemagicspell@yahoo.com or WhatsApp or call +18488416266

    ReplyDelete
  25. Dr Ishiaku herbal medicine is mighty and genuine, I used Melissa oil and Lavender Healing herbs but result were just still the same but using Dr Ishiaku herbs cured my herpes final and I have being living for 2 years now No Sores.My herpes is truly gone.Contact him if you interested of his herbal medicine…he can aslo cure HIV, DIABETICS and other STDs
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    ReplyDelete
  26. I was diagnosed with herpes virus i lived in pain with the knowledge that i wasn’t going to ever be well again i contacted so many doctors on this issue yet my condition never got better i was determined to get my life back so one day i saw Dr Odiase and told him my problems and all that i went through and he told me not to worry that everything will be fine again so he prepared the medicine and send it to me and told me how to use it, after 14days I went to see a medical doctor for test and the result was negative.i was so shocked and amazed,I'm the most happiest person on earth now.You too can also reach him via him personal email;(drodiaseherbalhome124@gmail.com or call/Whatsapp him +2349059435846 Thanks and God bless you Dr Odiase

    ReplyDelete
  27. I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 3 years and 8 months, and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr Ero on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which i took according to his instructions. When i was done taking the herbal medicine i went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise i was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr Ero today on his WhatsApp him on +2348140916349 or Email: dreromoncaregiver@gmail.com Dr. Ero also cures: 1. HIV / AIDS 2. HERPES 1/2 3. CANCER 4. ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) 5. Hepatitis B 6. chronic pancreatic 7. emphysema 8. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    ReplyDelete
  28. It's a great pleasure for me to write this testimony about how I got my Genital Herpes cured with herbal medicine a month ago. I have been reading so many comments of some people who were cured from various diseases by Dr BEN herbal medicine but I never believed them. I was hurt and depressed so I was too curious and wanted to try Dr. BEN then I contacted him through his email, he assured me 100% that he will heal me, I pleaded with him to help me out. My experience with him was great, he cured me just as he promised. He sent me his medication and asked me to go for a medical check up after two weeks of usage. I agreed with him. I took this medication and went for a check up, to my greatest surprise my result was negative, I am really happy that I am cured and healthy again. I have waited for 3 weeks to be very sure I was completely healed before writing this testimony. I did another blood test one week ago and it was still Herpes negative. Contact him through his email address: voodoospelltemple80@gmail.com OR call, add him on Whatsapp + 2347044745704 He has Herbal cure for Diabetes, Hepatitis, Heart diseases, Hypertension, Strokes and Liver diseases

    ReplyDelete
  29. It's a great pleasure for me to write this testimony about how I got my Genital Herpes cured with herbal medicine a month ago. I have been reading so many comments of some people who were cured from various diseases by Dr BEN herbal medicine but I never believed them. I was hurt and depressed so I was too curious and wanted to try Dr. BEN then I contacted him through his email, he assured me 100% that he will heal me, I pleaded with him to help me out. My experience with him was great, he cured me just as he promised. He sent me his medication and asked me to go for a medical check up after two weeks of usage. I agreed with him. I took this medication and went for a check up, to my greatest surprise my result was negative, I am really happy that I am cured and healthy again. I have waited for 3 weeks to be very sure I was completely healed before writing this testimony. I did another blood test one week ago and it was still Herpes negative. Contact him through his email address: voodoospelltemple80@gmail.com OR call, add him on Whatsapp + 2347044745704 He has Herbal cure for Diabetes, Hepatitis, Heart diseases, Hypertension, Strokes and Liver diseases

    ReplyDelete
  30. Hello, I am 25 years old and I first found out I had herpes 3 years ago. My first outbreak was definitely the worst thing I ever experienced. The bumps and blisters were swollen and red. I had a doctor give me Valtrex but I take the generic. I love the Valtrex because I take 1 gram a day for about a week and it's gone. I had a doctor prescribe me Acyclovir but that gave me the worst headaches ever, so I stopped taking it. Since I was first diagnosed I have about 2 outbreaks a year. I have been able to cope with this by having supportive family and friends who look out for me. Even though I wish I never had this disease at all, I’m able to deal with it and have a great life. A friend advised me to use herbal medicine and sent me an email (dandancure787@gmail.com) who was able to help me put an end to the herpes virus. Today I am so happy and totally free in case you need urgent help to email him for a fast cure. (dandancure787@gmail.com)

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  31. Hello Viewers my name is Mary Grace, my Boyfriend broke up with me last week i was so sad I changed completely, I wasn't eating and i wasn't talking to anybody, I cried a lot,I was so depressed and stressed out, I was scared I ended up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression until one day i search online on getting love tips because I Love & care about him deeply and I just want us to be together as a couple again and i just wanted us to last forever then i found a powerful spell caster Called DR JOHN SOCO, He solved so many relationship problem then DR JOHN SOCO told me he will come back to me between 24hrs after He cast spell on him, i never believed it, until my Boyfriend called me on the phone and told me he want us to come back and live happily together forever , Am so happy now that DR JOHN SOCO, helped me bring my boyfriend back to me. Thanks you so much DR JOHN SOCO, he can also help you Email him at, drjohnsoco@gmail.com, Whatsapp/Call +447833853025..

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  32. Today is a marvelous day, so I have to come publicly to let those who care to listen and willing to bring back their lost heart desires to know about a legitimate spell caster, Dr Ozigidon. I am here today to testify about Dr Ozigidon. My name is Willie Trunk from Georgia, USA. I came here to testify about a legitimate spell caster Dr Ozigidon, who helped me to reunite with my ex husband after 3 years of divorce. I contacted him on Whats-App (+2349054750112) after reading so many testimonies of his powerful spell and within 48 hours my husband and I were reunited. Today our marriage is full of much love like we never had a divorce. I appreciate the good work of Dr Ozigidon and I am recommending him with trust to everyone who wants their heart desires back or has fertility challenges. Contact his email (drozigidonhenz.spell.net@gmail.com) With all confidence, you shall give a great testimony. Thanks to Dr Ozigidon for everything he did for me.

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  33. Greatest thanks to Dr. Enato for his herbal medication he prepared for me and when I started using it, In 3 weeks I was completely cured and that was how i was cured from my herpes virus, I'm so happy and grateful to Dr. Enato after reading about him on a testimony of Shina Harry on a blog Forum. I knew suddenly Dr Enato was the right Doctor to cure my HSV-2. After 5 years of suffering from HSV-2, At last I am smiling once again. Dr. Enato also has remedy to other Stds,Sti like COLD SORES, HIV/AIDS, DIABETES, CANCER, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND MANY MORE. I oblige everyone to contact this great herbalist called Dr. Enato and be free from your suffering. Here is his Email Contact information, dr.enatoherbalcure@gmail.com and you can send him a direct message via WhatsApp: +2348071351544

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  34. I’ve been a carpenter for the past 18 years and playing the Lottery has always been my thing and my Wife supports me but winning big funds is always an issue. My Wife is quite good at surfing the internet and she came across an AD of Dr Ozigidon who helps people that believe in his work. My Wife & I emailed him for help to win the Lottery and guess what!!! He did a spell prayer and gave us some digits to play the Lottery. We did as he instructed and we were notified after 10 days that we’d won $245,600,000 MILLION DOLLARS from the NY LOTTERY POWERBALL that we played. We can’t really explain the feeling we had when we heard the amount we WON! We were so happy. Everything seemed like a dream for some minutes till we realized that it was REALITY”. Anyways, we are here to appreciate Dr Ozigidon and also to share to you all the wonderful experiences we had with him. To get his contact info, Whats-App +2349054750112 or E-mail: drozigidonhenz.spell.net@gmail.com

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  35. I sincerely want to appreciate my friends and family who stood by me during my years of struggle till when my life turned around for better on March 30th 2018. My name is Richard Wahl of Sussex County and I hit the $533 million Mega Millions jackpot in March 2018. Today I sincerely want to share my success story of how I finally emerged to be the winner of a whopping sum of $533 million. Most people may say i was lucky but i would say i worked and sacrificed for it to happen because i don't believe in luck. I have played the New Jersey lottery for so many years without good results. I was expected to be a winner that day because I had contacted Dr. Ozigidon who already assured me of victory after casting the spell and gave me the winning numbers. I have heard a lot about his good work. He gave me the numbers and also assured me of victory. Actually when I looked at my numbers when the draws were out they were exactly correct with the winning numbers, I wasn't surprised to see my numbers anymore. I went to my wife and said "Baby" we are going on vacation and retiring. Checkout my winning testimony with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NejIUDafu3U and you can also search me out with my name. I sincerely appreciate Dr. Ozigidon. I'm giving out his email: drozigidonhenz.spell.net@gmail.com . You may Contact him if you desire any help.

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  36. Very effective and reliable,.......................

    This is a miracle product,

    I am free from herpes,

    Good for the following

    Shingles,

    Cold sore,

    HPV,

    HSV1&2,

    Fibroid

    Erectile Dysfunction..

    (Thanks to R.Buckler11@gmail com),,,,

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